A Simple Pendulum for standard 12 physics

A SIMPLE PENDULUM

AIM :-
To determine the value of g with the help of a simple pendulum.

PRECAUTIONS:
Understand clearly the functioning of the stop-clock.
The bob of the pendulum should not be given angular displacement more than 40.
The oscillations of the pendulum should be in one vertical plane only.
During oscillations the bob should not spin.
See that the bob does not collide with the table while oscillating.
The experiment should be performed at such a place where air current is slow. (Do not do the experiment near the window or a moving fan.)

APPARATUS : - A stand with a clamp,
                             a metallic bob,
                             a light string,
                             a meter rule,
                             a rubber cork with two pieces,
                             a vernier calliper
                             a stop-clock

Simple Pendulum Apparatus

                    

Simple Pendulum

OBSERVATION TABLE

Simple pendulum observation table

Graph

Graph for Simple pendulum

 

Simple pendulum Presentation

Resonance tube Practical for Standard 12

RESONANCE TUBE Pr-19

AIM :-
To compare the frequencies of two tuning forks using a resonance tube and to find the end-correction. Repeat the experiment for two other tuning forks .
Find the lengths (l) of the resonating air columns for tuning forks of five different frequencies.
Draw a graph of 1 / f --

APPARATUS :-
A metallic tube open at both the ends (known as resonance tube),
a cylinder( of glass or metal) for filling water, a stand,
a meter rule,
a rubber-pad and tuning forks( two of known frequencies and two of unknown frequencies).

Apparatus for Resonance Tube

Resonance Tube Practical

OBSERVATION TABLE :-

(1) Least count of the vernier callipers = cm
(2) Internal diameter of the resonance tube : d1 = cm; d2 = cm
 Average diameter d = cm

Observation table-1

(1) f1 / f2 = l2 / l1
(2) f3 / f4 = l4 / l3

Observation table-2

Resonance Tube Graph

 

 Resonance tube Presentation

Measurement of Resistance (Wheatstone's Bridge)

Practicle – 2
MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE ( WHEATSTONE’S BRIDGE)

AIM :-

You are given a Wheatstone bridge and other necessary instruments. Find the values of the unknown resistance Rx. Exchange the positions of unknown resistance and resistance box in the gaps of Wheatstone bridge and repeat the experiment.

PRINCIPLE :-

It works on the principle of balanced Wheatstone bridge.

APPARATUS:-    

Wheatstone-bridge (meter-bridge),

2 Volt Battery,

Rheostat,

Galvanometer,          

Jockey,

Key,

Resistance box(1 – 100  W),

Resistance coil.

Apparatus for Wheatstone's Bridge Practicle

 Precautions :-

1. Make proper and tight connections.
2. Keep the keys tightly closed in the resistance box.
3. Adjust the value of resistance box so that null point is obtained between 40 cm and 60 cm.
4. Do not slide the jokey continuously over the wire.

Note :-  Keep high resistance of rheostat in the beginning of each observation so that current is less and the galvanometer is not damaged. After getting approximate position of null point only decrease the resistance of rheostat.

(1) Condition :- Connect unknown resistance Rx between M – N.

Line Diagram For Wheatstone's Bridge

Wiring Diagram for Wheatstone’s Bridge.
Use this setup for carry out practical so it may be easy to understand.

Wiring Diagram for Wheatstone's Bridge

Measure L1 and L2 and note down in your Table.

(2) Condition :- Interchange unknown resistance Rx between P – Q.

In which interchange

Unknown  Resistance RX and Known Resistance Box RB.

Line  Diagram for Interchange RX And RB

Wiring Diagram for Wheatstone’s Bridge. (Condition-2)

In which interchange Unknown Resistance RX and Known Resistance Box RB.
Use this setup for carry out practical so it may be easy to understand.

Wiring Diagram for Interchange RX And RB

 

Conclusion :-

(1)   Unknown Resistance, Rx = …….. W

(2)    Unknown Resistance, Ry = ……...W